Aneurin Bevan University Health Board was established on the 1st of October 2009 and is responsible for the areas of Blaenau Gwent, Caerphilly, Monmouthshire, Newport, Torfaen and South Powys. The Health Board employs over 13,000 staff, two thirds of whom are involved in direct patient care. There are more than 250 consultants with a further 750 hospital and general practice doctors. The Health Board also employs 6,000 nurses, midwives, allied professionals and community workers.

The Health Board as a whole serves a population of more than 600,000 with many of the inpatient and specialist services centred at the district hospitals, Royal Gwent Hospital and Nevill Hall Hospital.

Ysbyty Aneurin Bevan is the first publicly funded hospital in the UK with single rooms, all with en suite facilities. Fittingly, the hospital was the first hospital in the UK to be named after Aneurin Bevan, the founder of the NHS. Bevan also gives his name to the overall health board.